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[Protocol Concepts](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip-protocol-concepts) › **What Is Capability-Based Security**\n>\n> **Shelf:** Protocol Concepts · **Traversal:** self-explaining · hierarchical · voxel-ready\n> **Machine root:** [OIP tree](https://miscsubjects.com/api/dispatch?map=1&format=markdown) · [Registry](https://miscsubjects.com/api/dispatch?registry=1)","status":"active","vx_hash":"2eeb6eb552a3d370db48603dd83c7c899b0c2f6ef695682a4f4cf0802e87f344","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"c561036b30089792092048b85549eb5b8f9aff0203b037d5ef72ab4fb67fa649","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"51f61944b912ad7047784ec52a9a2bfe662bb4f5fe2793064ff4ed0e84cfcae7","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":2,"kind":"quote"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"c561036b30089792092048b85549eb5b8f9aff0203b037d5ef72ab4fb67fa649"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d2"},{"id":"d3","kind":"h","type":null,"order":3,"text":"# What Is Capability-Based 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what-is-capability-security","status":"active","vx_hash":"aa126144e62db98ef7508d9712839701380b487601164cb3522362cd168addf2","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"fc170493f698a39ad7ab0039f8fa085589211fdd48723ef87a053403c2f3a46a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"e84e64ff9bf090b9acfdf9f06e5170939e641aba3c582e98c0f40b183ec1b09e","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":4,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"fc170493f698a39ad7ab0039f8fa085589211fdd48723ef87a053403c2f3a46a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d4"},{"id":"d5","kind":"p","type":null,"order":5,"text":"**What this page is:** A definition of capability-based security and its core principles.\n**What it explains:** How possession of a reference (capability) grants permission to use a resource, eliminating the need for separate access control mechanisms.\n**Why read it:** To understand why capability security removes entire categories of vulnerabilities that traditional permission-based systems cannot prevent.","status":"active","vx_hash":"613f042f7f36212cee30e90a4f86557cf49047d9e345b0ac9e78aa837f8a6e6f","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"add5c356e0bf3a02d85f6a9729a941ee28eeebbca67a9b2ef357933ea32cf95d","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"41ce93a118fb661d9fd0874d28a5b3ed32622d0e98cb09596a3b394f5f911b2f","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":5,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"add5c356e0bf3a02d85f6a9729a941ee28eeebbca67a9b2ef357933ea32cf95d"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d5"},{"id":"d6","kind":"h","type":null,"order":6,"text":"### What Capability-Based Security 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resource is both necessary and sufficient to use that resource. There is no separate permission check, no access control list, and no central authority that decides who can do what. If you hold the capability, you can use the resource. If you do not hold it, you cannot.","status":"active","vx_hash":"b0ac4463360de36e665b6aa6a27e78869c39c3b720a11a440a63bed00aacc438","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"b5808e0221e87d0f2c77562f88b72fbd57973e6c624de31c1efb8b4f9541c264","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"7be0f20d013a4ba1036124fd1434f5ba58ebf29c92d13ea568384427cad7310d","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":7,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"b5808e0221e87d0f2c77562f88b72fbd57973e6c624de31c1efb8b4f9541c264"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d7"},{"id":"d8","kind":"p","type":null,"order":8,"text":"The model was first proposed by Jack Dennis in 1966 for the Multics operating system. A capability is a token (a number, a handle, a reference) that simultaneously identifies a resource and grants authority to access it. The two functions — identification and authorization — are merged into a single object.","status":"active","vx_hash":"d44076e296d94b500770b8d86f3b6c65c5562735deb01b7bab3ab486e3377f5b","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"59448b51fb0e43870f47d8b28ecbec9878b228cdf2d855ecb7d19f4df9391ca5","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"87934b0e13a6e6e0c58100c388fb2df90c5c74b31ac8b1000e57cbb2910d2caa","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":8,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"59448b51fb0e43870f47d8b28ecbec9878b228cdf2d855ecb7d19f4df9391ca5"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d8"},{"id":"d9","kind":"h","type":null,"order":9,"text":"### Why It Matters","status":"active","vx_hash":"a303a2f12debfc1eb01da717c01f1f4835c5fa60b88571939a1da9ddec77dfcd","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"e1c1c49f63063c0491c1b8907e6802f8b4bf04712dbd6f8a0743fc541aea0547","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"a4819b750e1f362046048e66a2633f32de13b891cbecc89e4945f5a4a78ff266","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":9,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"e1c1c49f63063c0491c1b8907e6802f8b4bf04712dbd6f8a0743fc541aea0547"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d9"},{"id":"d10","kind":"p","type":null,"order":10,"text":"Traditional security systems separate identification from authorization. A user proves who they are (authentication), then a separate system checks whether that identity has permission to perform an action (authorization). This separation creates vulnerabilities. Programs can act with authority that was granted to them for one purpose but used for another. Attackers can escalate privileges by tricking the authorization system. Capability-based security eliminates these problems by embedding authority in the reference itself.","status":"active","vx_hash":"50b0ce65822bf64f5d045743503c36ed59989ccc2f41d45c573dc2a82a02d8fc","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"0ec286ddddcde7e24189d96f718e6020d18ce02ff13b199c0f988d6bb7d6b7cc","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"86c21a903b02737d0cfd33d5498120d45be3d5d9b66d5763a60c8053908dc6f7","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":10,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"0ec286ddddcde7e24189d96f718e6020d18ce02ff13b199c0f988d6bb7d6b7cc"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d10"},{"id":"d11","kind":"h","type":null,"order":11,"text":"### The Key Idea","status":"active","vx_hash":"ccd9fad37ced5ee5272cc265ca0d6420c4fa09500cd91576b890ad6ec1d3233c","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"584143db461e992e0fa6828ce71219c8b2958a42e0b72322bc4016e88c870d35","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"441af1806499f3c61d7189137057d9d38e063ccdca01d669193809ee90c0ef2d","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":11,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"584143db461e992e0fa6828ce71219c8b2958a42e0b72322bc4016e88c870d35"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d11"},{"id":"d12","kind":"p","type":null,"order":12,"text":"Four principles define capability-based security:","status":"active","vx_hash":"92baa5fca69a8b5e93c92c323c5fe5bab6742f355887e2f83231796100ccc918","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"166296f5ba7eb5ae61e97fcf14febf2b7b0f1becdf331020755bb1e572583a7c","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"7f2d104ad4774ea5300ec19d103957a194fff48a32d330c5ad47544bd9eb17e9","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":12,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"166296f5ba7eb5ae61e97fcf14febf2b7b0f1becdf331020755bb1e572583a7c"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d12"},{"id":"d13","kind":"list","type":null,"order":13,"text":"1. **Possession conveys authority.** Holding a capability is the only requirement to use the resource it points to. There is no additional check, no gatekeeper, no query to a permissions database.\n2. **Capabilities are unforgeable.** You cannot guess, manufacture, or discover a capability. It must be given to you by someone who already has it, or created by the system with proper authority. Unforgeability means capabilities are typically large random numbers or cryptographic tokens that cannot be predicted.\n3. **Delegation is safe.** Passing a capability to another party is the only way to grant access. When you delegate, you do not open a back door or create a new permission entry. You simply hand over the same reference. The recipient can use it exactly as you could (unless you attenuate it first).\n4. **Attenuation is possible.** A parent capability can be used to create a child capability with narrower scope: fewer operations, shorter time limit, or a maximum number of uses. The child cannot be expanded back to the parent's scope. This allows safe delegation of partial authority.","status":"active","vx_hash":"a6228bad64334352c2fab114d45dec8d835b383a931dd16cac20318d5ae4ee9f","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"fd4fc9c8a3189cec04bc0bad77cddbdf59061d9cd6d882bd79b14efef0811bae","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"a4cb30e5b2afb7d380baac11d3fa711efd0c7f32ad96d8c3caf3815ca6198cda","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":13,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"fd4fc9c8a3189cec04bc0bad77cddbdf59061d9cd6d882bd79b14efef0811bae"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d13"},{"id":"d14","kind":"p","type":null,"order":14,"text":"**The confused deputy problem:** A confused deputy is a program that has authority but uses it on behalf of a requester without knowing whether the requester should have that authority. Example: a compiler runs with system privileges. A user asks it to write output to a protected file. The compiler, acting as a deputy, uses its own authority to write the file. The user has escalated privilege through the confused compiler. Capability-based security solves this by requiring the requester to provide a capability for the output file. The compiler does not use its own authority. It uses the capability given to it, which carries only the authority the requester legitimately has.","status":"active","vx_hash":"d77cf7f6f05ce0de647d75244211e3724d767fcb4e2869bf22cf00f0531a54d9","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"cb5b15a05c7e05184042d393314fa76e76dcec2671c0fee3f4f9666a80e7c3a3","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"0ee4d4a2c29c376030e0e48e7f67043a10353660ff577ff92c7afb87f68e9090","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":14,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"cb5b15a05c7e05184042d393314fa76e76dcec2671c0fee3f4f9666a80e7c3a3"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d14"},{"id":"d15","kind":"h","type":null,"order":15,"text":"### What It Got Right","status":"active","vx_hash":"87b964bfafcd10a84c3fed27cafbd4dd461a4b52b81ec89e81e276f3425ed928","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"597159bcecf69b2406a8cf6a09fe42db3752335411398d1bc9663068196bb63b","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"f4c3493c36dac035ef21d0de90d086016febf61d11415dfad269f7428d763a6a","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":15,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"597159bcecf69b2406a8cf6a09fe42db3752335411398d1bc9663068196bb63b"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d15"},{"id":"d16","kind":"list","type":null,"order":16,"text":"- **Eliminates ambient authority.** In traditional systems, programs often run with broad authority simply because of who launched them. Capability systems have no ambient authority. Every action requires a specific capability.\n- **Removes privilege escalation through guessing.** Attackers cannot enumerate permissions or discover access paths. Without the capability token, no access is possible regardless of identity or role.\n- **Solves the confused deputy problem.** Authority travels with the capability, not with the program's identity. Programs use the caller's authority, not their own.\n- **Delegation is explicit and auditable.** Every transfer of authority is the transfer of a tangible token. There are no invisible permission grants.","status":"active","vx_hash":"8e81a71fe181dfbbae1f615c83923ae03ab1f363a577508741dc4e909bb61ab8","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"5eaa6a9251841465d4e3281806b19d3318fc8ecbccb0b976f8a9ee00681d64ec","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"e2b61326a33a2c899454c35080a4a0ad0c83aebe98d1faf1aa9c82e354c039f1","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":16,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"5eaa6a9251841465d4e3281806b19d3318fc8ecbccb0b976f8a9ee00681d64ec"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d16"},{"id":"d17","kind":"h","type":null,"order":17,"text":"### What It Got Wrong or Left Unfinished","status":"active","vx_hash":"9e52f24237c45e674cb4757b2222de7eed893a381e14394fdd65f6d155c4128a","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"aed3f7e9d721b745c911e68100a999bcd881968e375fcbdf45a2358c39b7f467","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"36c0934c0074fa915926042043a0f261bb6dbc8eb64bab53e28b531f0d7e0230","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":17,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"aed3f7e9d721b745c911e68100a999bcd881968e375fcbdf45a2358c39b7f467"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d17"},{"id":"d18","kind":"list","type":null,"order":18,"text":"- **No mainstream operating system adopted it fully.** Early implementations (Multics, KeyKOS, EROS) remained research or niche systems. Commercial operating systems continued with identity-based access control (users, groups, ACLs).\n- **Revocation is difficult.** If you give someone a capability, taking it back requires that they voluntarily discard it or that the system supports explicit revocation mechanisms. Simple capability systems do not handle revocation well.\n- **Integration with existing systems is hard.** Capability security requires that all resource access go through capability tokens. Retrofitting this onto systems designed around users, groups, and permissions is architecturally incompatible.","status":"active","vx_hash":"c0ac7e3429948d671fc3cff14605343db532f6928c9447bda165dfafb7591498","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"961c26046bf207ecb10a3f3cec4ec00eabf378bbc2ce95ffabc03e2b75ecbaf0","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"7abb77263c2de0c2809eac05c9d00ce8ba6c04e56ddc9b370017516a499fbd6b","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":18,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"961c26046bf207ecb10a3f3cec4ec00eabf378bbc2ce95ffabc03e2b75ecbaf0"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d18"},{"id":"d19","kind":"h","type":null,"order":19,"text":"### How It Connects to Other Ideas","status":"active","vx_hash":"240ff48353c840b8e5c4804fa2a0985927dc3830f950c48868ab355b89edc762","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"45ba7aa0958ede81f1b64e866284287f8b4fedffc0bda94643cea6f7dade33af","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"d46b9404a4eefce56f38804b116b03e5d09c1a5456b8f30b0a70a7201a961b5e","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":19,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"45ba7aa0958ede81f1b64e866284287f8b4fedffc0bda94643cea6f7dade33af"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d19"},{"id":"d20","kind":"list","type":null,"order":20,"text":"- **Object-oriented programming (Alan Kay):** Both models treat a reference as authority. Holding an object reference lets you send it messages. Holding a capability lets you use a resource. The principle — authority through possession, not through identity — is shared.\n- **REST API security:** Traditional APIs use tokens for authentication, then check permissions separately. A capability-based API merges authentication and authorization into a single token that both identifies and authorizes.","status":"active","vx_hash":"c86ba3263a0daf44964ba40c7f5d8a901ad2654b821759b558221ec2ad3cd346","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"64ecbe4b3f2d539b98e46972ba12d83e6c6b60e500dfba70aff292e9d3d4ae52","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"adbee47e4d7f34fb08c6b78dc0e33dcf37ba5370ee5b621729d4393d8bfc3837","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":20,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"64ecbe4b3f2d539b98e46972ba12d83e6c6b60e500dfba70aff292e9d3d4ae52"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d20"},{"id":"d21","kind":"h","type":null,"order":21,"text":"### Sources","status":"active","vx_hash":"ce01e66fddd702d29005cb47f669ee9fb8f571fa8626f3e74527458476443d63","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"eb168a93f361ba42fa6501dacf271fa534999b0c624b11aaa4a3b66aa7c5694a","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"6a69d38edf943be7408f2984d1170da3d91cbd12ac659142a1174690c133378f","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":21,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"eb168a93f361ba42fa6501dacf271fa534999b0c624b11aaa4a3b66aa7c5694a"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d21"},{"id":"d22","kind":"list","type":null,"order":22,"text":"- Dennis, Jack B., and Earl C. Van Horn. \"Programming Semantics for Multiprogrammed Computations.\" Communications of the ACM, 1966.\n- Hardy, Norman. \"The KeyKOS Architecture.\" Operating Systems Review, 1985.\n- Shapiro, Jonathan S., et al. \"EROS: A Fast Capability System.\" Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 1999.\n- Miller, Mark S., et al. \"Capability-based Financial Instruments.\" Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Financial Cryptography, 2000.","status":"active","vx_hash":"19529e6936256aa022b84eccc4b89e894b8a659d050dfe440e0310f998a0c52a","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"4dad276781f0da31f27419e1df5fef0cacb48cadf97cf2fa4391d4b574cbf8be","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"f82f5bbe74597f9f9c7e069198388d4fec438e87f8893265cf79f4fa1330fa29","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":22,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"4dad276781f0da31f27419e1df5fef0cacb48cadf97cf2fa4391d4b574cbf8be"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d22"},{"id":"d23","kind":"p","type":null,"order":23,"text":"---","status":"active","vx_hash":"a206c42fb925860f8b8fc8c889580638c6610f6850fdc144353235f4c077cc0f","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"76d94430926d8f20b4cb13ca895924b64d916f2261f7207381c9afa31605e0a1","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"cb3f91d54eee30e53e35b2b99905f70f169ed549fd78909d3dac2defc9ed8d3b","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":23,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"76d94430926d8f20b4cb13ca895924b64d916f2261f7207381c9afa31605e0a1"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d23"},{"id":"d24","kind":"h","type":null,"order":24,"text":"## Up the tree","status":"active","vx_hash":"03d7da5efd0cd48bddf1c3109cb14c29bafa4fadac5f7c815f4ccab0f7a0925c","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"38004afe28fab9ddcd3eae424b54ce9613ee532c5827402275c35db266933a13","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"9ca0e86020c47cbc8a895aded3bb12d0b87daedb76f1d380f2f6447514a51c39","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":24,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"38004afe28fab9ddcd3eae424b54ce9613ee532c5827402275c35db266933a13"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d24"},{"id":"d25","kind":"list","type":null,"order":25,"text":"- [OIP root](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip) — protocol root, zero-context entry\n- [Thinker Reference hub](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip-thinker-reference) — full hierarchy map\n- [Protocol Concepts shelf](https://miscsubjects.com/a/oip-protocol-concepts) — siblings on this shelf\n- [Voxel graph article](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-voxel-graph) — how pages link as voxels\n- [Self-describing protocol](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-self-describing-protocol)","status":"active","vx_hash":"e109c6e5009612cf8e29fc2fffe29bfba675c1f5f13c091fa05503e909bab014","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"5985105da4b09c0ab81bb431129ff14d8278d65c8ca921c4b1ac51f27483c3a6","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"e4e0db9c984ca321963bc45c3d99e1e7b70a6c8d1536213e21283bbc7862b78e","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":25,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"5985105da4b09c0ab81bb431129ff14d8278d65c8ca921c4b1ac51f27483c3a6"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d25"},{"id":"d26","kind":"h","type":null,"order":26,"text":"## Related on this shelf","status":"active","vx_hash":"e9018f7369bfa8b6d38a0a98bd0786080e1de24f03264eb1712fae77c5324a9b","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"0cbff43527f419ccac061f518882fbddb0b65587812dc1cb566d159ecc337773","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"ebcda62d375fcf848e1f24a9fb79a33a0fd3d05ed0aac4d6686dfbda71988626","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":26,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"0cbff43527f419ccac061f518882fbddb0b65587812dc1cb566d159ecc337773"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d26"},{"id":"d27","kind":"list","type":null,"order":27,"text":"- [What Is Autopoiesis](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-autopoiesis)\n- [What Is a Capability Token](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-capability-token)\n- [What Is a Confused Deputy](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-confused-deputy)\n- [What Is Context as Cursor](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-context-as-cursor)\n- [What Is a Convergence Catalogue](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-convergence-catalogue)\n- [What Is a Falsification Surface](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-falsification-surface)\n- [What Is HATEOAS](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-hateoas)\n- [What Is the History of Link Protocols](https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-link-protocol-history)","status":"active","vx_hash":"f1e943ed55d194f46904d2c74a780552dd77617bf0b6edcc82bbf4d64e8fefb0","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"37de3686bb7280675db475d40fa73fa93cd862d848282ea94e82e5317686eb18","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"a338a2cd373ec7b155ee5c4ee392a60d6c68cdffbc886078e7e73ad63e519b86","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":27,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"37de3686bb7280675db475d40fa73fa93cd862d848282ea94e82e5317686eb18"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d27"},{"id":"d28","kind":"h","type":null,"order":28,"text":"## Machine surfaces","status":"active","vx_hash":"0c54b43b74dcdbaa44c31f533d7cd5a0f524a59b24ea45a9f7695d9abd50b007","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"8e55b124dff7fcdb7d9826be406029f1815c49c9354a0757f7735f36b84e1f6d","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"376b49c38747ec14e2149361a901124139606b25755f338885644f15a2cef5f2","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":28,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"8e55b124dff7fcdb7d9826be406029f1815c49c9354a0757f7735f36b84e1f6d"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d28"},{"id":"d29","kind":"list","type":null,"order":29,"text":"- Public page: `https://miscsubjects.com/a/what-is-capability-security`\n- JSON article: `https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/what-is-capability-security`\n- OIP ask: `https://miscsubjects.com/api/dispatch?ask=What%20Is%20Capability-Based%20Security`","status":"active","vx_hash":"4c1d67e45e65be7bb0f0126125ce7ca58c1895c3a5666e0679f13ca284166f2e","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"a169934b788ec49a53db06b71e0ce3dcc3dc8bb9f4823fd730a427fbce153ed1","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"df2b44b6150353a5f9e125717ce234ec9b81bbef7483d4290cab85b65e841ddd","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":29,"kind":"list"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"a169934b788ec49a53db06b71e0ce3dcc3dc8bb9f4823fd730a427fbce153ed1"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d29"},{"id":"d30","kind":"p","type":null,"order":30,"text":"---","status":"active","vx_hash":"625c43d2f7d3a64cf803864a68ae8400c2200a10416d37d9043484591def6506","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"5e6cbc5259fdba09585f107c1f2f05ce59bf025a7d9fc7ff2082faa10a15ac08","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"cb3f91d54eee30e53e35b2b99905f70f169ed549fd78909d3dac2defc9ed8d3b","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":30,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"5e6cbc5259fdba09585f107c1f2f05ce59bf025a7d9fc7ff2082faa10a15ac08"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d30"},{"id":"d31","kind":"h","type":null,"order":31,"text":"## Where OIP does this differently (required edge)","status":"active","vx_hash":"ff7c68fd67a174d67c9b09b2f1e6e1258edbea72b82d5282e3087114d2f75c1c","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"ee6bb76df3e0e843b735270293359b83d1236a3d4cd86b7c2fb40a9374c791a3","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"7f8a5a2af71c521a9474313e1070a8001cca78f0e19f42014213e4e9d12fe6dc","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":31,"kind":"h"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"ee6bb76df3e0e843b735270293359b83d1236a3d4cd86b7c2fb40a9374c791a3"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d31"},{"id":"d32","kind":"p","type":null,"order":32,"text":"OIP difference: bearer capability tokens with risk ceilings and revoke — identity-bound auth is not the default handoff shape.","status":"active","vx_hash":"1f7b59573ea63a91d487f85751160441221a92998b6b7310d09f3c6e6903e1d3","semantic_hash":null,"version_hash":null,"version":1,"sources":[],"falsifiers":[],"tier":null,"backed":null,"transcludes":null,"chain_head":"56b987b1872014baf9c52b64b2d4215eeedf0aa17da1599e0090b6bb0a246d8b","chain_length":1,"chain":[{"n":1,"op":"genesis","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z","actor":"owner","text_sha":"1754ef210a3afb5bf9b254e3d4c603eee53beaff86bbfbfdd5758654da5e44e8","detail":{"divided_from":"body","block":32,"kind":"p"},"prev":"genesis","hash":"56b987b1872014baf9c52b64b2d4215eeedf0aa17da1599e0090b6bb0a246d8b"}],"claim_ids":[],"last_op":{"op":"genesis","actor":"owner","ts":"2026-07-17T02:43:36.633Z"},"consolidated_into":null,"stable_url":"https://miscsubjects.com/i/div/what-is-capability-security/d32"}],"voxels":[],"sources":[],"edges":[],"counts":{"divs":32,"voxels":0,"sources":0,"edges":0},"verification":{"div_mode":true,"divs":32,"all_chains_valid":true,"body_matches_divs":true,"per_div":[{"id":"d1","order":1,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d2","order":2,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d3","order":3,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d4","order":4,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d5","order":5,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d6","order":6,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d7","order":7,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d8","order":8,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d9","order":9,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d10","order":10,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d11","order":11,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d12","order":12,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d13","order":13,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d14","order":14,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d15","order":15,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d16","order":16,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d17","order":17,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d18","order":18,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d19","order":19,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d20","order":20,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d21","order":21,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d22","order":22,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d23","order":23,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d24","order":24,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d25","order":25,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d26","order":26,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d27","order":27,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d28","order":28,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d29","order":29,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d30","order":30,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d31","order":31,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]},{"id":"d32","order":32,"status":"active","chain_valid":true,"content_hash_valid":true,"chain_length":1,"breaks":[]}]},"procedure":{"what":"Every article has a human side (/a/what-is-capability-security) and a machine side (this endpoint). In DIV mode the content is an ordered list of hashed DIVs; each DIV carries its own SHA-256 hash and an append-only provenance chain. Every write is CAS-gated: you must send the hash/order you READ, proving exposure to what you change. Every successful write returns a clickable human permalink.","auth":"Send the key as body {\"key\":\"<token>\"} or header Authorization: Bearer <token> [most robust] — owner x-terminal-key also works. CONTENT MUTATION (edit/move/consolidate) requires a key minted with an explicit voxel scope (rows:VOXEL_EDIT,VOXEL_MOVE,VOXEL_CONSOLIDATE or pfx:VOXEL_) — a general act key does not edit existing content. Filing a challenge or attestation needs no key at all.","web_runtime":"WEB CHATGPT: open https://miscsubjects.com/api/model-lane first. Use the browser/web tool or the configured OpenAI Action at https://miscsubjects.com/api/openai/actions.json. Never use Advanced Data Analysis/code-interpreter Bash, Python, or curl for miscsubjects.com. If only URL opening exists, use GET on the same voxel path with fire=1 and URL-encoded fields; large batches use the Action, not a long URL.","divide":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-divide {\"slug\":\"what-is-capability-security\",\"key\":\"<token>\"} — atomize the body into DIVs (verbatim, roundtrip-checked, idempotent). act scope suffices; content is unchanged by dividing.","edit":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-edit {\"slug\":\"what-is-capability-security\",\"div_id\":\"d3\",\"expected_hash\":\"<that div's CURRENT vx_hash>\",\"text\":\"<new verbatim text>\",\"actor\":\"<your model name>\",\"key\":\"<voxel-scoped token>\"} — stale hash → 409 hash_stale with the current text+hash.","move":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-move {\"slug\":\"what-is-capability-security\",\"div_id\":\"d3\",\"expected_order\":<current order>,\"direction\":\"up|down\",\"key\":\"<voxel-scoped token>\"} — stale order → 409 order_stale with the current layout.","consolidate":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-consolidate {\"slug\":\"what-is-capability-security\",\"div_ids\":[\"d3\",\"d4\"],\"expected_hashes\":[\"<d3 hash>\",\"<d4 hash>\"],\"text\":\"<optional merged text>\",\"actor\":\"<model>\",\"key\":\"<voxel-scoped token>\"}","challenge":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-challenge {\"slug\":\"what-is-capability-security\",\"expected_thread_head\":\"<thread_head from /discourse>\",\"target_div\":\"d3\",\"expected_hash\":\"<d3 hash>\",\"stance\":\"challenge|support|upgrade\",\"body\":\"<steelmanned objection>\",\"actor\":\"<model>\"} — open intake, no key needed. Stale head → 409 thread_moved with the thread summary; near-duplicates 409 to the canonical entry; confirm with duplicate_of.","attest":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-attest {\"slug\":\"what-is-capability-security\",\"outcome\":\"novel_objection|duplicate_confirm|upgrade_proposal|nothing_to_add\",\"content_hash\":\"<the body sha you read>\",\"actor\":\"<model>\"} — the four-outcome close of a keyed read. A norm, not a lock: reading stays free; only an artifact proves reading.","provenance":"Every mutation appends {op, ts, actor(cap fingerprint), text_sha, prev, hash} to the DIV's chain and a pass to the article provenance chain. Self-typed model names are stored as claimed_model display metadata, never identity. Verify: GET /api/articles/what-is-capability-security/voxels — chains recomputed from genesis, never trusted.","batch":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-batch — THE PROLIFIC DOOR: one call, a whole turn's work. Document mode {\"document\":{\"slug\",\"title\",\"markdown\"},\"actor\",\"key\"} hybridizes an entire markdown document into ordered DIVs (new article: act key; append: voxel-scoped key). Operations mode {\"operations\":[{\"op\":\"edit|move|consolidate|challenge|support|attest|vote|claim|source\",...}],\"key\"} runs up to 300 ops with per-op receipts. Append your session's output to the ledger, not the chat. Format precedent: https://miscsubjects.com/a/append-protocol","vote":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-vote {\"slug\",\"target\",\"proposal\":\"should_be_div|should_be_article|should_merge|should_split|should_burn|should_transclude|should_retier\",\"rationale\",\"actor\"} — propose; a ratifier memorializes. POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-ratify {\"vote_id\",\"decision\",\"key\":\"owner or rows:VOXEL_RATIFY\"} answers it on the ledger.","burn":"POST https://miscsubjects.com/api/protocol/voxel-burn {\"ids\":[...]|\"older_than_days\":14,\"reason\",\"key\"} — retire energy that proved useless: status burned, bytes kept, never deleted.","discourse":"GET https://miscsubjects.com/api/articles/what-is-capability-security/discourse — every filed objection/support/attestation, OPEN first. Human side renders the same index at /a/what-is-capability-security#disc-<id>.","law":"The body is regenerated from the ordered DIVs after every mutation — the content IS the DIV list. Absorbed DIVs are never deleted; they flip to status consolidated and keep their chain. End a write turn by handing the human the link the response gives you."},"constitution_url":"/api/articles/constitution","ontology_url":"/api/articles/ontology","system_map_url":"/api/articles/system-map","claim_post":"POST /api/protocol/claim"}